Nyuma yo kwibanda kumyaka mirongo yo kugabanya ibiciro, inganda zizuba zirimo kwitondera gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga.
Inganda zuba zimaze imyaka mirongo zigabanya ikiguzi cyo kubyara amashanyarazi biturutse ku zuba.Noneho iribanda mugukora paneli kurushaho.
Hamwe no kuzigama mu gukora ibikoresho byibasiye ikibaya kandi vuba aha kikaba kotswa igitutu n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo, ababikora bongera ingufu mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga - kubaka ibikoresho byiza no gukoresha ibishushanyo mbonera bigenda byiyongera kugira ngo bibyare amashanyarazi menshi mu murima w’izuba rinini.Ikoranabuhanga rishya rizatuma ibiciro bigabanuka ku mashanyarazi. ”
Imirasire y'izuba
Photovoltaic panel igiciro cyagabanutse mumyaka yashize.
Gusunika kubikoresho bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba birashimangira uburyo kugabanya ibiciro bikomeza kuba ngombwa kugirango habeho ihinduka ry’ibicanwa.Mugihe imirima yizuba nini ya gride isanzwe ihendutse kuruta n’amakara yateye imbere cyangwa ikoreshwa na gaze, hazakenerwa ubundi buryo bwo kuzigama kugira ngo habeho amasoko y’ingufu zisukuye hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rihenze rikenerwa mu masaha y’amashanyarazi adafite karubone.
Inganda nini, gukoresha automatike hamwe nuburyo bunoze bwo gutanga umusaruro byatanze ubukungu bwikigereranyo, amafaranga make yumurimo hamwe n imyanda mike yibikoresho byizuba.Ikigereranyo cy'ikigereranyo cy'izuba cyagabanutseho 90% kuva 2010 kugeza 2020.
Kongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi kuri buri kibaho bivuze ko abitezimbere bashobora gutanga amashanyarazi angana kubikorwa bito.Ibyo birashoboka cyane kuko ibiciro byubutaka, ubwubatsi, ubwubatsi nibindi bikoresho bitigeze bigabanuka nkibiciro byibibaho.
Birashobora no kumvikana kwishyura premium kubuhanga buhanitse.Turimo kubona abantu bafite ubushake bwo kwishyura igiciro cyinshi kuri module ya wattage ituma batanga ingufu nyinshi kandi bakinjiza amafaranga menshi kubutaka bwabo.Sisitemu zikoresha imbaraga nyinshi zirahageze.Module ikomeye cyane kandi ikora neza izagabanya ibiciro murwego rwizuba rwumushinga, bizadufasha kubona iterambere ryumurenge mumyaka icumi iri imbere.
Dore bumwe mu buryo amasosiyete akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ari panne-super-charge:
Perovskite
Mugihe ibintu byinshi bigezweho birimo guhindura tekinoroji iriho, perovskite isezeranya intambwe nyayo.Byoroheje kandi bisobanutse kuruta polysilicon, ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa, perovskite amaherezo irashobora gushirwa hejuru yizuba rihari kugirango izamure imikorere, cyangwa igahuzwa nibirahuri kugirango ikore idirishya ryubaka naryo ritanga ingufu.
Ibice bibiri
Imirasire y'izuba mubisanzwe ibona imbaraga zayo kuruhande rwizuba, ariko irashobora no gukoresha urumuri ruto rugaragaza inyuma yubutaka.Ibice bibiri byo mumaso byatangiye kwamamara muri 2019, hamwe nababikora bashaka gufata amashanyarazi yiyongera mugusimbuza ibikoresho byinyuma byikirahure.
Icyerekezo cyafashe abatanga ibirahuri by'izuba hanze kandi bituma ibiciro byizamuka.Mu mpera z'umwaka ushize, Ubushinwa bwarekuye amabwiriza ajyanye n'ubushobozi bwo gukora ibirahure, kandi ibyo bigomba gutegura ubutaka kugira ngo hakoreshwe ikoranabuhanga ry’izuba ry’impande zombi.
Dopi Polysilicon
Iyindi mpinduka ishobora gutanga kwiyongera kwingufu ni uguhindura ibintu bya silicon yuzuye neza kugirango imirasire yizuba ihindurwe nabi, cyangwa n-ubwoko, ibicuruzwa.
Ubwoko bwa N bukorwa na doping polysilicon hamwe na bike bya element hamwe na electron yongeyeho nka fosifori.Birahenze cyane, ariko birashobora gukomera nka 3.5% kuruta ibikoresho byiganje.Biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa bitangira gufata imigabane ku isoko mu 2024 kandi bikaba ibikoresho byiganje muri 2028, nkuko PV-Tech ibitangaza.
Mu ruhererekane rw'izuba, polysilicon itunganijwe neza ikozwe mu nguni y'urukiramende, nayo igabanywa mu bice bya ultra-thin bizwi nka wafer.Izo waferi zashizwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo hanyuma zigacomekwa hamwe kugirango zikore imirasire y'izuba.
Wafers nini, Akagari keza
Hafi ya za 2010, wafer isanzwe yizuba yari milimetero 156 (santimetero 6.14) ya polysilicon, hafi yubunini bwimbere ya CD.Noneho, ibigo birimo gukora ibibanza binini kugirango byongere imikorere kandi bigabanye ibiciro byinganda.Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Izuba Rirashe cya Wood Mackenzie kibitangaza ngo abaproducer basunika waferi ya milimetero 182- na 210, kandi ubunini bunini buzava kuri 19% by'umugabane w'isoko muri uyu mwaka bugere kuri kimwe cya kabiri muri 2023.
Inganda zikoresha insinga za selile - zihindura electron zishimishijwe na foton yumucyo mumashanyarazi - zongerera ubushobozi bushya kubishushanyo nka heterojunction cyangwa tunnel - oxyde passivated selile.Mugihe bihenze cyane gukora, izo nyubako zemerera electron gukomeza guhora hejuru, byongera ingufu zitanga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-27-2021