Igiciro cyibikoresho byizuba byagabanutseho 89% kuva 2010. Bizakomeza guhendwa?
Niba ukunda ingufu z'izuba kandi zishobora kuvugururwa, birashoboka ko uzi neza ko ibiciro byikoranabuhanga ryumuyaga nizuba byagabanutse kuburyo budasanzwe mumyaka yashize.
Hano haribibazo bibiri ba nyiri amazu batekereza kujya izuba akenshi bafite.Iya mbere ni: Ese ingufu z'izuba zihendutse?Kandi ikindi ni: Niba izuba rihendutse, nkwiye gutegereza mbere yo gushyira imirasire y'izuba munzu yanjye?
Igiciro cyumuriro wizuba, inverter, na bateri ya lithium byagabanutse mugihe cyimyaka 10 ishize.Biteganijwe ko ibiciro bizakomeza kugabanuka - mubyukuri, izuba riteganijwe kugabanuka gahoro gahoro kugeza mumwaka wa 2050.
Nyamara, ikiguzi cyo kwishyiriraho izuba ntikizagabanuka kurwego rumwe kuko ibiciro byibyuma biri munsi ya 40% yikiguzi cyizuba murugo.Ntutegereze ko izuba ryizuba rihendutse cyane mugihe kizaza.Mubyukuri, ikiguzi cyawe gishobora kwiyongera mugihe inzego zibanze na leta zirangiye.
Niba utekereza kongera izuba murugo rwawe, gutegereza birashoboka ko bitazagukiza amafaranga.Shyiramo imirasire y'izuba ubungubu, cyane cyane ko inguzanyo zumusoro zirangiye.
Bisaba angahe gushira imirasire y'izuba murugo?
Hariho ibintu byinshi bijya mubiciro bya sisitemu yo murugo izuba, hamwe namahitamo menshi ushobora gukora bigira ingaruka kubiciro byanyuma wishyura.Biracyaza, nibyiza kumenya icyo inganda zigenda.
Igiciro ugereranije nimyaka 20 cyangwa 10 ishize kirashimishije, ariko igabanuka rya vuba ryibiciro ntabwo ari ibintu bitangaje.Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kuba witeze ko igiciro cyizuba gikomeza kugabanuka, ariko ntutegereze ikiguzi kinini.
Ni bangahe ibiciro by'ingufu z'izuba byagabanutse?
Igiciro cy'imirasire y'izuba cyaragabanutse ku buryo budasanzwe.Kera muri 1977, igiciro cyamafoto yumurasire yizuba cyari $ 77 kuri watt imwe yingufu.Uyu munsi?Urashobora kubona imirasire y'izuba igiciro kiri munsi ya $ 0.13 kuri watt, cyangwa hafi 600.Igiciro muri rusange cyakurikije amategeko ya Swanson, avuga ko igiciro cyizuba kigabanukaho 20% kuri buri kintu cyikubye kabiri ibicuruzwa byoherejwe.
Iyi sano iri hagati yubunini bwibiciro nigiciro ningaruka zingenzi, kuko nkuko uzabibona, ubukungu bwisi yose bugenda bwihuta bugana ingufu zishobora kubaho.
Imyaka 20 ishize yabaye igihe cyiterambere ridasanzwe ryizuba ryagabanijwe.Imirasire y'izuba ikwirakwizwa bivuga sisitemu nto zitari mu ruganda rukora amashanyarazi - mu yandi magambo, ibisenge hamwe n’inyuma ku mazu no mu bucuruzi mu gihugu hose.
Muri 2010 hari isoko rito ugereranije, kandi ryaturikiye mumyaka yashize.Mugihe habaye igabanuka muri 2017, umurongo wo gukura muri 2018 nintangiriro za 2019 wakomeje hejuru.
Amategeko ya Swanson asobanura uburyo iri terambere ryinshi ryanatumye igabanuka ryinshi ryibiciro: ibiciro byizuba byagabanutseho 89% kuva 2010.
Igiciro cyibikoresho nigiciro cyoroshye
Iyo utekereje kuri sisitemu yizuba, ushobora gutekereza ko aribikoresho bigize igice kinini cyikiguzi: racking, wiring, inverters, kandi byanze bikunze imirasire yizuba ubwayo.
Mubyukuri, ibyuma bingana na 36% gusa yikiguzi cyizuba murugo.Ibisigaye bifatwa nigiciro cyoroshye, nandi mafaranga akoresha izuba rigomba kwishura.Ibi birimo ibintu byose uhereye kumurimo wo kwishyiriraho no kubemerera, kugeza kugura abakiriya (ni ukuvuga kugurisha no kwamamaza), kugeza hejuru muri rusange (nukuvuga gucana amatara).
Uzabona kandi ko ibiciro byoroshye bihinduka ijanisha rito rya sisitemu uko ingano ya sisitemu yiyongera.Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mugihe uva mumiturire ujya mubikorwa byingirakamaro, ariko sisitemu nini yo guturamo muri rusange nayo ifite igiciro gito kuri watt kuruta sisitemu nto.Ibi ni ukubera ko ibiciro byinshi, nko kwemerera no kugura abakiriya, birakosorwa kandi ntibitandukanye cyane (cyangwa na gato) nubunini bwa sisitemu.
Izuba rizakura bingana iki ku isi?
Amerika mubyukuri ntabwo ariryo soko rinini kwisi kwisi.Ubushinwa buruta Amerika kugeza ubu, bushyira izuba hafi yikubye kabiri Amerika.Ubushinwa, kimwe na leta nyinshi z’Amerika, bufite intego y’ingufu zishobora kubaho.Bafite intego yo kongera ingufu za 20% muri 2030. Iri ni ihinduka rikomeye ku gihugu cyakoresheje amakara mu kuzamura inganda nyinshi.
Muri 2050, 69% by'amashanyarazi ku isi bizaba bishya.
Muri 2019, ingufu z'izuba zitanga 2% gusa yingufu zisi, ariko iziyongera kugera kuri 22% muri 2050.
Bateri nini, gride-nini ya batiri izaba umusemburo witerambere.Batteri zizaba zihendutse 64% muri 2040, kandi isi izaba imaze gushyiramo ingufu za 359 GW muri 2050.
Umubare w'ishoramari ry'izuba uzagera kuri tiriyari 4.2 z'amadolari muri 2050.
Muri icyo gihe kimwe, amakara azagabanukaho kimwe cya kabiri ku isi, akamanuka kuri 12% y’ingufu zose zitangwa.
Amazu yashizwemo nizuba ryahagaritse kugabanuka, ariko abantu babona ibikoresho byiza
Raporo iheruka gutangwa na Berkeley Lab yerekana ko igiciro cyashyizweho cyizuba gituye cyagabanutse mumyaka mike ishize.Mubyukuri, muri 2019, igiciro cyo hagati cyazamutseho $ 0.10.
Ku isura yacyo, ibyo bishobora gutuma bisa nkizuba ryatangiye guhenda cyane.Ntabwo: ibiciro bikomeza kugabanuka buri mwaka.Mubyukuri, ibyabaye nuko abakiriya batuyemo bashiraho ibikoresho byiza, kandi bakabona agaciro kumafaranga amwe.
Kurugero, muri 2018, 74% byabakiriya batuye bahitamo micro inverters cyangwa sisitemu ya optimizer ishingiye kuri inverter sisitemu ihenze cyane.Muri 2019, uyu mubare wafashe intera nini kuri 87%.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, muri 2018, impuzandengo y'izuba nyirizina yashyizeho imirasire y'izuba ifite 18.8%, ariko muri 2019 imikorere yazamutse igera kuri 19.4%.
Mugihe rero inyemezabuguzi ya ba nyiri amazu bishyura izuba muriyi minsi iringaniye cyangwa yiyongereyeho gato, babona ibikoresho byiza kumafaranga amwe.
Wakagombye gutegereza izuba rihendutse?
Ahanini kuberako imiterere yinangiye yibiciro byoroshye, niba urimo kwibaza niba ugomba gutegereza ibiciro bikagabanuka, twagusaba kudategereza.Gusa 36% yikiguzi cyo gushyiramo izuba murugo bifitanye isano nigiciro cyibikoresho, bityo gutegereza imyaka mike ntibizavamo ubwoko bwibiciro bitangaje twabonye mubihe byashize.Ibyuma byizuba bimaze kuba bihendutse cyane.
Uyu munsi, haba umuyaga cyangwa PV nisoko rishya rihendutse ryamashanyarazi mubihugu bingana na 73% bya GDP.Mugihe ibiciro bikomeje kugabanuka, turateganya ko umuyaga mushya wubaka na PV bizagabanuka kuruta gukora amashanyarazi asanzwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-29-2021