Indoneziya ivuga ko nta ruganda rushya ruva mu 2023

• Indoneziya irateganya guhagarika kubaka inganda nshya zikoreshwa n’amakara nyuma ya 2023, hamwe n’amashanyarazi y’inyongera azabyara gusa amasoko mashya kandi ashobora kuvugururwa.
• Impuguke mu iterambere n’abikorera ku giti cyabo zishimiye iyi gahunda, ariko bamwe bavuga ko idahwitse bihagije kubera ko isaba kubaka uruganda rushya rw’amakara rumaze gusinywa.
• Ibyo bimera nibimara kubakwa, bizakora mu myaka mirongo iri imbere, kandi ibyuka bihumanya bizatera impanuka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
• Hariho kandi impaka zerekeye icyo guverinoma ifata ingufu "nshya kandi zishobora kuvugururwa", aho zitera izuba n'umuyaga hamwe na biyomasi, ingufu za kirimbuzi, na gaze.

Urwego rushobora kuvugururwa rwa Indoneziya ruri inyuma cyane y’abaturanyi bo mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya - nubwo rukubiyemo amasoko akunze kwemerwa nk’izuba, geothermal na hydro, hamwe n’amasoko “mashya” atavugwaho rumwe nka biomass, amavuta y’ibigazi ashingiye kuri peteroli, amakara ya gaze, kandi, mubyukuri, kirimbuzi.Kugeza muri 2020, aya masoko mashya kandi ashobora kuvugururwagusa11.5% by'amashanyarazi y'igihugu.Guverinoma iteganya kubyara ingufu za 23% mu gihugu mu 2025.

Amakara, muri Indoneziya afite ibigega byinshi, bigizwe na 40% by’ingufu z’igihugu.

Indoneziya irashobora kugera kuri net-zero mu 2050 niba imyuka iva mu mashanyarazi igabanutse vuba bishoboka, urufunguzo rwa mbere rero ni uguhagarika kubaka uruganda rushya byibuze nyuma ya 2025. Ariko niba bishoboka, mbere ya 2025 nibyiza.

Uruhare rw'abikorera

Hamwe n'ibihe tugezemo, aho isi yose igenda igana ku bukungu, abikorera muri Indoneziya bakeneye guhinduka.Mu bihe byashize, gahunda za guverinoma zashimangiraga ku kubaka amakara, ariko ubu biratandukanye.Kandi rero, ibigo bigomba guharanira kubaka amashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa.

Amasosiyete akeneye kumenya ko nta kazoza k’ibicanwa biva mu bicanwa, hamwe n’ibigo by’imari bigenda byiyongera bitangaza ko bizakuraho inkunga y’imishinga y’amakara bitewe n’igitutu cy’abaguzi n’abanyamigabane basaba ingamba z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.

Koreya y'Epfo, yari yarateye inkunga cyane urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rukoreshwa mu mahanga, harimo no muri Indoneziya, hagati ya 2009 na 2020, ruherutse gutangaza ko ruzahagarika inkunga zose nshya mu mishinga y'amakara yo mu mahanga.

Umuntu wese abona ko uruganda rwamakara rudafite ejo hazaza, none kuki uhangayikishijwe no gutera inkunga imishinga yamakara?Kuberako nibatera inkunga inganda nshya zamakara, haribishoboka ko bahinduka umutungo.

Nyuma ya 2027, amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, harimo ububiko bwayo, hamwe n’amashanyarazi y’umuyaga bizatanga amashanyarazi ahendutse ugereranije n’amakara.Niba rero PLN ikomeje kubaka uruganda rushya rwamakara nta guhagarara, birashoboka ko ibyo bimera bihinduka umutungo uhagaze ni nini.

Abikorera bagomba kugira uruhare mu guteza imbere ingufu zishobora kubaho].Igihe cyose hakenewe guteza imbere ingufu nshya kandi zishobora kuvugururwa, gusa utumire abikorera.Gahunda yo guhagarika kubaka uruganda rushya rwamakara igomba kubonwa nkamahirwe abikorera gushora imari mishya.

Hatabigizemo uruhare abikorera, bizagorana cyane guteza imbere urwego rushya muri Indoneziya.

Imyaka myinshi yaka amakara

Nubwo gushyiraho igihe ntarengwa cyo kubaka uruganda rushya rwamakara nintambwe yambere yingenzi, ntibihagije ko Indoneziya yimuka ikava mu bicanwa.

Izi nganda zimaze kubakwa, zizakora mu myaka mirongo iri imbere, izafunga Indoneziya mu bukungu bushingiye kuri karubone kurenza igihe ntarengwa 2023.

Ukurikije ibihe byiza, Indoneziya igomba guhagarika kubaka uruganda rushya rw’amakara guhera ubu idategereje kurangiza gahunda ya MW 35.000 na gahunda ya MW 7000 kugira ngo igere ku ntego yo kugabanya ubushyuhe bw’isi kugera kuri selisiyusi 1.5 muri 2050.

Tekinoroji nini yo kubika bateri ikenewe kugirango umuyaga nizuba birusheho kuba byiza cyane birahenze cyane.Ibyo bituma ibintu byihuta kandi binini biva mu makara bikavugururwa bitagerwaho kugeza ubu.

Na none, igiciro cyizuba cyaragabanutse cyane kuburyo umuntu yakwubaka sisitemu yo gutanga ingufu zihagije, ndetse no muminsi yibicu.Kandi kubera ko lisansi ishobora kuvugururwa ari ubuntu, bitandukanye namakara cyangwa gaze karemano, kubyara umusaruro ntabwo ari ikibazo.

Icyiciro cyibiti bishaje

Abahanga basabye ko amakara ashaje y’amakara, bavuga ko yanduye cyane kandi ko ahenze gukora, kugira ngo asezeye hakiri kare.Niba dushaka guhuza [hamwe n’intego z’ikirere], dukeneye gutangira gukuraho amakara guhera mu 2029, vuba na bwangu.Twabonye amashanyarazi ashaje ashobora gukurwaho mbere ya 2030, amaze imyaka irenga 30 akora.

Icyakora, guverinoma kugeza ubu ntiratangaza gahunda yo gukuraho inganda zishaje.Bizarushaho kuba byiza niba PLN nayo ifite intego yo kurangiza, ntugahagarike kubaka uruganda rushya gusa.

Igice cyuzuye cyibihingwa byose byamakara birashoboka gusa imyaka 20 kugeza 30 uhereye ubu.Nubwo bimeze bityo, guverinoma yakenera gushyiraho amabwiriza ashyigikira icyiciro cya makara no guteza imbere ibivugururwa.

Niba [amabwiriza] yose ari kumurongo, abikorera ntibabyitaho na gato niba inganda zamakara zishaje zifunzwe.Kurugero, dufite imodoka zishaje kuva muri 1980 hamwe na moteri idakora neza.Imodoka zubu zirakora neza.