Nubwo ibicanwa biva mu kirere byongereye imbaraga kandi bigahindura ibihe bigezweho nabyo byagize uruhare runini mubibazo byikirere.Icyakora, ingufu nazo zizagira uruhare runini mu guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere: impinduramatwara y’ingufu zisukuye ku isi zifite ingaruka ku bukungu zizana ibyiringiro bishya by'ejo hazaza.
Ibicanwa biva mu kirere byagize urufatiro rwa sisitemu y’ingufu ku isi, bizana ubukungu butigeze bubaho kandi bitera ingufu bigezweho.Ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ku isi ryikubye inshuro mirongo itanu mu binyejana bibiri bishize, bitera inganda inganda z’abantu, ariko kandi byangiza ibidukikije bitigeze bibaho.CO2urwego rwikirere rwacu rugeze kurwego rumwe nuwiyandikishije mumyaka miriyoni 3-5 ishize, mugihe ubushyuhe buringaniye bwari bushyushye bwa 2-3 ° C naho inyanja yari hejuru ya metero 10-20.Umuryango w’ubumenyi wageze ku bwumvikane ku miterere y’imiterere y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, IPCC ivuga ko “Ingaruka z’abantu ku miterere y’ikirere ziragaragara, kandi imyuka ihumanya ikirere iherutse kuba mu mateka.”
Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ikirere, amasezerano y’isi yibanze ku kugabanya CO2ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kugirango ubushyuhe bwiyongere kandi bigabanye imihindagurikire y’ikirere.Inkingi nkuru yizo mbaraga izenguruka muguhindura urwego rwingufu no kugana mubukungu buke bwa karubone.Ibi bizasaba ihinduka ryihuse ryingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, bitewe nuko urwego rwingufu rufite bibiri bya gatatu byuka byangiza isi.Mu bihe byashize, ikintu gikomeye muri iyi nzibacyuho cyabaye ubukungu bwihishe inyuma yo kuva mu bicanwa biva mu bicanwa: tuzishyura dute iyi nzibacyuho kandi twishyura imirimo itabarika?Noneho, ishusho irahinduka.Hariho ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko imibare iri inyuma yimpinduramatwara isukuye yumvikana.
Gusubiza kuzamuka kwa CO2
UkurikijeUmuryango mpuzamahanga w'iteganyagihe.
Urwego rw'ingufu rufite hafi35% byangiza imyuka ya CO2.Ibi birimo gutwika amakara, gaze gasanzwe, hamwe namavuta kumashanyarazi nubushyuhe (25%), hamwe nibindi byuka bitajyanye n'amashanyarazi cyangwa kubyara ubushyuhe, nko gukuramo lisansi, gutunganya, gutunganya, no gutwara abantu (ibindi 10 %).
Ntabwo urwego rwingufu zitanga umusanzu wintare gusa mu byuka bihumanya ikirere, habaho no kwiyongera gukenewe kwingufu.Bitewe n'ubukungu bukomeye ku isi, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bukabije no gukonjesha, gukoresha ingufu z'isi byiyongereyeho 2,3% muri 2018, bikubye hafi ikigereranyo cyo kuzamuka kuva mu 2010.
DE carboneisation ihwanye no gukuraho cyangwa kugabanya dioxyde de carbone ikomoka ku mbaraga bityo igashyira mu bikorwa impinduramatwara y’ingufu nyinshi, ikava mu bicanwa kandi ikakira ingufu zishobora kubaho.Ikintu cyingenzi niba dushaka gutandukanya ingaruka mbi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Ntabwo ari "gusa" kubyerekeye gukora ikintu cyiza
Inyungu zimpinduramatwara isukuye ntizagarukira gusa "gusa" gukumira ikibazo cyikirere.Ati: "Hariho inyungu zinyongera zirenze kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'isi.Urugero, kugabanya ihumana ry’ikirere bizagira ingaruka nziza ku buzima bw’abantu. "Hejuru y’inyungu z’ubuzima, ibihugu nabyo bihitamo kubyaza ingufu ingufu zabyo kugirango bitazashingira cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, cyane cyane ibihugu bidatanga peteroli.Muri ubu buryo, amakimbirane ya geopolitike arakumirwa mugihe ibihugu bibyara imbaraga.
Nubwo, ibyiza byo guhindura ingufu kubuzima bwiza, umutekano wa geopolitike hamwe ninyungu zidukikije ntabwo ari amakuru;ntabwo bigeze bahagije kugirango bazane inzibacyuho yingufu.Nkuko bikunze kugaragara, igitera isi kuzenguruka ni amafaranga… kandi amaherezo amafaranga aragenda yerekeza muburyo bwiza.
Umubare munini wibitabo byerekana ko impinduramatwara isukuye izajyana no kuzamuka kwa GDP no kongera akazi.AbayoboziRaporo ya IRENA 2019yerekana ko kuri buri USD 1 yakoreshejwe muguhindura ingufu hashobora kubaho inyungu iri hagati ya USD 3 na 7 USD, cyangwa tiriyari 65 USD na tiriyari 160 USD mugihe cyo guhuriza hamwe mugihe cya 2050. Birahagije kubona abakinyi bakomeye ninganda nabafata ibyemezo. ushimishijwe cyane.
Bimaze gufatwa nkibintu byizewe kandi bihenze cyane, ibishobora guhinduka biranga gahunda ya decarbonisation.Ikintu cyingenzi cyabaye igabanuka ryibiciro, aribyo bitera ubucuruzi bwingufu zishobora kubaho.Ikoranabuhanga rishya nka hydropower na geothermal ryarushanwe imyaka myinshi none izuba n umuyaga biraharikunguka irushanwa nkigisubizo cyiterambere ryikoranabuhanga no kongera ishoramari, guhangana na tekinoroji isanzwe yibisekuruza mubijyanye nigiciro mumasoko menshi yo ku isi,ndetse nta nkunga.
Ikindi kimenyetso gikomeye cyerekana inyungu zamafaranga yinzibacyuho yingufu zisukuye nicyemezo cyabafite uruhare runini mubukungu kugirango bagabanye ingufu za peteroli kandi bashora imari mishya.Ikigega cy’ubutunzi cyigenga cya Noruveje na HSBC bashyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kuva mu makara, hamwe n’ayambere vuba ahaguta ishoramari mu masosiyete umunani ya peteroli hamwe n’abakora peteroli barenga 150.Tom Sanzillo, umuyobozi ushinzwe imari mu kigo gishinzwe ubukungu n’isesengura ry’imari, yagize ati: “Aya ni amagambo akomeye yatanzwe n'ikigega kinini.Barabikora kuberako ibicanwa bya peteroli bidatanga agaciro bafite mumateka.Ni umuburo kandi ku masosiyete akomoka kuri peteroli ahuriweho n'abashoramari babareba kugira ngo ubukungu butere imbere mu kongera ingufu. ”
Amatsinda yishoramari, nkaGushora imarinaCA100 +, barimo no gushyira igitutu kubucuruzi kugirango bagabanye ibirenge byabo.Muri COP24 honyine, itsinda ry’abashoramari 415, bahagarariye miliyoni 32 USD, bagaragaje ko biyemeje amasezerano y’i Paris: umusanzu ukomeye.Mu guhamagarira abantu gukora harimo gusaba ko guverinoma yashyira igiciro kuri karubone, ikuraho inkunga y’ibicanwa by’ibicanwa, ikanakuraho ingufu z’amashyanyarazi.
Ariko, tuvuge iki kuri iyo mirimo yose yatakara turamutse tuvuye mu nganda zikomoka kuri peteroli?Parrado abisobanura agira ati: “Nko muri buri nzibacyuho hazabaho imirenge izagira ingaruka kandi ikava mu bicanwa biva mu bicanwa bivuze ko gutakaza akazi muri urwo rwego.”Ariko, iteganyagihe rivuga ko umubare wimirimo mishya wakozwe uzarenza igihombo cyakazi.Amahirwe yo gutanga akazi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu igenamigambi ry’iterambere ry’ubukungu bwa karuboni nkeya kandi leta nyinshi ubu zishyira imbere iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, mbere na mbere kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kugera ku ntego mpuzamahanga z’ikirere, ariko kandi hagamijwe inyungu nini mu mibereho n’ubukungu nko kongera akazi n’imibereho myiza. .
Ingufu zisukuye ejo hazaza
Ingufu zubu zituma duhuza gukoresha ingufu hamwe no kurimbuka kwisi.Ni ukubera ko twatwitse lisansi kugirango tubone serivisi zihenze kandi nyinshi.Icyakora, niba dushaka gukemura ikibazo cy’ikirere ingufu zizakomeza kuba ingenzi haba mu gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikenewe kugira ngo duhangane n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ndetse no mu iterambere ry’umuryango wacu.Ingufu nimpamvu yibibazo byacu nigikoresho cyo kubikemura.
Ubukungu bwihishe inyuma yinzibacyuho bwumvikana kandi, bufatanije nizindi mbaraga zingirakamaro zo guhinduka, hariho ibyiringiro bishya mubihe bizaza byingufu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-03-2021