Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryizuba

Kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere bishobora kwiyongera, ariko bisa n’ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y’izuba ya silicon izuba.Inzira itaziguye yo guhindura ihinduka nonaha hamwe nizuba, ariko hariho izindi mpamvu zituma ari ibyiringiro bikomeye byingufu zishobora kubaho.

Ibyingenzi byingenzi, silicon, nikintu cya kabiri cyinshi kwisi nyuma ya ogisijeni.Kubera ko imbaho ​​zishobora gushyirwa aho ingufu zikenewe - kumazu, inganda, inyubako zubucuruzi, amato, ibinyabiziga byo mumuhanda - ntibikenewe kohereza amashanyarazi ahantu nyaburanga;kandi umusaruro mwinshi bivuze ko imirasire yizuba ubu ihendutse cyane ubukungu bwo kuyikoresha burahinduka.

Raporo y’ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu muri 2020 ivuga ko ingufu z'izuba ahantu hamwe na hamwe zitanga amashanyarazi ahendutse mu mateka.

Ndetse n'akabuto gakondo gakondo "bigenda bite iyo ari umwijima cyangwa ibicu?"iragenda iba ikibazo bitewe niterambere rihinduka mubuhanga bwo kubika.

Kwimuka kurenga izuba

Niba utegereje "ariko", hano ni: ariko imirasire y'izuba ya silicon igera kumipaka ifatika kubikorwa byayo kubera amategeko amwe ya fiziki atorohewe.Imirasire y'izuba ya silicon yubucuruzi ikora hafi 20 ku ijana gusa (nubwo igera kuri 28 ku ijana mubidukikije bya laboratoire. Imipaka yabyo ni 30 ku ijana, bivuze ko ishobora guhindura kimwe cya gatatu cyizuba ryakiriye amashanyarazi).

Nubwo bimeze bityo, imirasire y'izuba izatanga ingufu nyinshi zidafite imyuka ihumanya ubuzima bwayo kuruta iyakoreshejwe mubikorwa byayo.

selile ya silicon / perovskite izuba

Perovskite: ahazaza hongerwa

Kimwe na silicon, ibi bintu bya kristalline bifotora, bivuze ko iyo bikubiswe numucyo, electron mumiterere yabyo ishimishwa bihagije kugirango itandukane na atome zabo (uku kurekura electroni nibyo shingiro ryamashanyarazi yose, kuva bateri kugeza kumashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi) .Urebye ko amashanyarazi ari mubikorwa, umurongo wa conga wa electron, mugihe electron zidaturutse kuri silicon cyangwa perovskite zanyujijwe mumurongo, amashanyarazi nigisubizo.

Perovskite nuruvange rworoshye rwibisubizo byumunyu bishyushye kugeza kuri dogere 100 na 200 kugirango ushireho imiterere yifoto.

Kimwe na wino, irashobora gucapurwa hejuru, kandi irashobora kugororwa muburyo silikoni idakomeye.Gukoreshwa mububyimba bugera kuri 500 munsi ya silicon, nabwo ni urumuri rwinshi kandi rushobora kuba igice.Ibi bivuze ko ishobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwose busa nko kuri terefone na Windows.Ibyishimo nyabyo nubwo, biri hafi yingufu za perovskite.

Kunesha ikibazo gikomeye cya perovskite - kwangirika

Ibikoresho bya mbere bya perovskite mu 2009 byahinduye 3,8 ku ijana gusa by'izuba.Muri 2020, imikorere yari 25.5 ku ijana, hafi ya laboratoire ya silicon ya 27.6%.Hariho kumva ko imikorere yayo ishobora kugera 30%.

Niba utegereje 'ariko' kubyerekeye perovskite, neza, hariho couple.Ibigize perovskite kristalline lattice ni kuyobora.Ingano ni ntoya, ariko uburozi bushobora kuyobora bivuze ko ari ukuzirikana.Ikibazo nyacyo nuko perovskite idakingiwe yangirika byoroshye binyuze mubushyuhe, ubushuhe nubushuhe, bitandukanye na panike ya silicon isanzwe igurishwa hamwe na garanti yimyaka 25.

Silicon nibyiza mugukemura imbaraga zumucyo muke, kandi perovskite ikorana numucyo mwinshi ugaragara.Perovskite irashobora kandi guhindurwa kugirango ikuremo uburebure butandukanye bwurumuri - umutuku, icyatsi, ubururu.Hamwe no guhuza neza na silicon na perovskite, ibi bivuze ko buri selile izahindura urumuri rwinshi mumbaraga.

Imibare irashimishije: urwego rumwe rushobora gukora 33 ku ijana;shyira selile ebyiri, ni 45 ku ijana;ibice bitatu byatanga 51 ku ijana.Ubwoko bwimibare, niba ishobora kugerwaho mubucuruzi, byahindura ingufu zidasanzwe.