80 ku ijana by'umutungo wa decarbonisation ku isi uri mu maboko y'ibihugu 3 itangazamakuru ry'Ubuyapani: iterambere ry'imodoka nshya zishobora guhagarikwa

Noneho, biragenda bigorana kugura amabuye y'agaciro ku isi.Kuberako ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikoresha umutungo wibanze kuruta umutungo gakondo nkamavuta.Ibihugu 3 byambere bifite lithium na cobalt bigenzura hafi 80% byumutungo wisi.Ibihugu byumutungo byatangiye kwiharira umutungo.Iyo ibihugu nk'Uburayi, Amerika n'Ubuyapani bidashobora kubona umutungo uhagije, intego za decarbonisation zirashobora kugerwaho.

Kugirango dutezimbere inzira ya decarbonisation, birakenewe guhora dusimbuza ibinyabiziga bya lisansi nibinyabiziga bishya nkibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, kandi bigasimbuza ingufu zamashanyarazi hamwe ningufu zishobora kongera ingufu.Ibicuruzwa nka batiri electrode na moteri ntibishobora gutandukanywa namabuye y'agaciro.Biteganijwe ko 2040 muri 2040 isabwa na lithium iziyongera ikagera kuri 12.5 muri 2020, kandi na cobalt iziyongera inshuro 5.7.Icyatsi kibisi gitanga ingufu zizatera kwiyongera kwamabuye y'agaciro.

Kugeza ubu, ibiciro byose by’amabuye y'agaciro birazamuka.Fata karubone ya lithium ikoreshwa mugukora bateri nkurugero.Kuva mu mpera z'Ukwakira, igiciro cy'Ubushinwa nk'igipimo cy'inganda cyazamutse kigera ku 190.000 kuri toni.Ugereranije nintangiriro za Kanama, yiyongereyeho inshuro zirenga 2, igarura igiciro kinini mumateka.Impamvu nyamukuru nugukwirakwiza kuringaniza ahakorerwa umusaruro.Fata urugero rwa lithium.Ositaraliya, Chili, n'Ubushinwa biri mu bihugu bitatu bya mbere, bingana na 88% by'umusaruro ukomoka ku isi ku isi, naho cobalt ikaba 77% by'umugabane w'isi ku bihugu bitatu harimo na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.

Nyuma yiterambere rirambye ryumutungo gakondo, aho umusaruro ugenda urushaho gutatana, kandi umugabane uhuriweho n’ibihugu 3 bya mbere muri peteroli na gaze ni munsi ya 50% byisi yose.Nkuko igabanuka ry’itangwa rya gaze gasanzwe mu Burusiya ryatumye izamuka ry’ibiciro bya gaze mu Burayi, ibyago byo kugabanuka bituruka ku mutungo gakondo nabyo biriyongera.Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane kubutunzi bwamabuye y'agaciro hamwe n’ibice byinshi by’umusaruro, biganisha ku "gukunda igihugu".

Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ifite 70% by'umusaruro wa cobalt, bisa nkaho byatangiye ibiganiro bijyanye no kuvugurura amasezerano yiterambere yasinywe n’amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa.
Chili irimo gusuzuma umushinga w'itegeko ryongera imisoro.Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete manini acukura amabuye y'agaciro yagura ubucuruzi mu gihugu asabwa kwishyura 27% umusoro w’amasosiyete n’imisoro idasanzwe y’ubucukuzi, kandi igipimo cy’imisoro nyirizina kiri hafi 40%.Chili ubu irimo kuganira ku musoro mushya wa 3% byagaciro kayo ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, kandi iratekereza gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutanga imisoro ijyanye n'igiciro cy'umuringa.Niba bigaragaye, igipimo nyacyo cyimisoro gishobora kwiyongera kugera kuri 80%.

Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urimo kandi gushakisha uburyo bwo kugabanya gushingira ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga biteza imbere umutungo w’akarere no kubaka imiyoboro ikoreshwa neza.Isosiyete ikora amashanyarazi Tesla yaguze ububiko bwa lithium muri Nevada.

Ubuyapani, budafite amikoro, ntibushobora kubona igisubizo ku musaruro w’imbere mu gihugu.Niba ishobora gufatanya nu Burayi na Amerika kwagura inzira zamasoko bizaba urufunguzo.Nyuma ya COP26 yabaye ku ya 31 Ukwakira, amarushanwa yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere yabaye menshi.Niba hari umuntu uhuye nibibazo byo kugura umutungo, birashoboka rwose ko umuntu yatereranwa nisi.